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Cannabinoids interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS) which is responsible for regulating various physiological processes such as pain, mood, appetite, and immune function. The ECS is made up of receptors called CB1 and CB2. THC, the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, binds to the CB1 receptors in the brain and central nervous system, which leads to the “high” associated with the recreational use of the plant. On the other hand, CBD does not bind to these receptors but instead works on the ECS by modulating the activity of other compounds in the body. Other minor cannabinoids (CBN, CBG, and CBC) are still in the very early stages of study but showing promise for a variety of therapeutic and medicinal purposes.
Terpenes, on the other hand, interact with the body through several different mechanisms. They can interact with the ECS by binding to the same receptors as cannabinoids or by modulating the activity of other compounds in the body. They can also interact with the body’s other systems, such as the nervous and immune systems, leading to different effects. For example, Myrcene is known for its sedative properties, while Limonene is known for its anti-anxiety effects. Terpenes also interact with cannabinoids to produce a number of different effects.
Together, cannabinoids and terpenes produce a unique and dynamic set of effects, depending on the strains and the compound profile. Deepening our understanding of the different compound profiles of different strains is important for medicinal and therapeutic uses.
Hydrocarbon extraction is a method of extracting compounds from cannabis and hemp using hydrocarbons such as propane, butane, or a blend of each as solvents. The process works by passing the hydrocarbon solvent through the plant material, dissolving the desired compounds, such as cannabinoids and terpenes, and then separating the solvent from the extract. This method is known for producing a high-yield, high-potency extract with a strong aroma and taste that is suitable for making concentrates, like shatter and wax. The extracted material is then purged by heating it to a temperature that is high enough to evaporate the hydrocarbon but low enough to preserve the integrity of the desired compounds. One of the benefits of hydrocarbon extraction is that it can be done relatively quickly and is less expensive than some other methods. However, it also poses some risks, as hydrocarbons are combustible and therefore must be handled properly. Also, residual solvents may remain in the final product if not purged properly.
Ice water extraction is a method of extracting using ice water. The process works by freezing the plant material and then agitating it in ice water. The freezing causes the trichomes to become brittle and break off from the plant material. The trichomes are then collected from the water using a micron bag, which separates the trichomes from the plant material. The resulting product is a high-quality, full-spectrum extract that contains a wide range of compounds from the plant material, including cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. It is a relatively simple and inexpensive method, as it only requires ice, water, and a micron bag. Additionally, it is considered an environmentally friendly method. However, it can be time-consuming and difficult to scale.
Ethanol extraction works by dissolving the cannabinoids and terpenes in the ethanol, then separating the solvent from the extract. Ethanol is a polar solvent, meaning it can dissolve both polar and non-polar compounds making it a versatile option for extracting a wide range of compounds from cannabis and hemp. The extract is then further processed and refined to create a final product, such as distillate or isolate. Unfortunately, it can also strip some of the beneficial compounds, such as terpenes, that are vital for the full cannabis experience.
CO2 extraction is a method of extracting compounds from cannabis and hemp using carbon dioxide in its liquid form. The process works by dissolving CO2 under high pressure and low temperature, creating a “supercritical” CO2 state. In this state, the CO2 behaves like a solvent, but it is non-toxic, non-flammable, and does not leave behind any harmful residue. The cannabis or hemp plant material is placed in an extraction vessel, and the supercritical CO2 is then passed through the plant material. As the CO2 passes through the plant material, it dissolves the desired compounds, such as cannabinoids and terpenes, and carries them out of the plant material. The CO2 and dissolved compounds are then passed through a separator, where the CO2 is removed, leaving behind a concentrated extract. The extract is then further processed and refined to create a final product, such as distillate, isolate, or full-spectrum oil.
It’s time to start your extraction journey with Illuminated Extractors.
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All Illuminated Extractors extraction models have received Technical Report Certification authored by Pressure Safety Inspectors (PSI). All models have been peer-reviewed for Safety and compliance in all 50 states. Please contact us for more information about certifications for your local AHJ.
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